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History of the principle of inquisition in German criminal law : ウィキペディア英語版 | History of the principle of inquisition in German criminal law (詳細はmagistrate, who acted on pure denunciation, was the criteria which guided the proceedings. Because of these problems, the principle of inquisition was replaced by a principle of contradiction. Pope Innocent III (1161–1216) reintroduced the procedure of inquisition for canon law, where it became a well-feared instrument against heretics. The concept of inquisition was not limited to canon law. In Italy the use of the inquisition was transferred to secular criminal law. The first adaption within the territory of the ''Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation'' were the ''Wormser Reformation'' of 1498 and the ''Constitutio Criminalis Bambergensis'' of 1507. The adoption of the Constitutio Criminalis Carolina ("peinliche Gerichtsordnung" of Charles V) in 1532 makes the procedure of inquisition empirical law. It was the passage of the ''code d´ instruction criminelle'', the French code of criminal procedure, by Emperor Napoleon of France on November 16, 1808 and the adoption of its principles in German territories that terminated the classical procedure of inquisition in Germany.
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